CFA考試科目中的經(jīng)濟學(xué)的考點有哪些呢?小編告訴你相當(dāng)多的,今天我們先來講一講其中的幾個,學(xué)習(xí)不是一蹴而就的,需要的是慢慢消化,當(dāng)你知道了這些知識后,再學(xué)之后的問題就簡單多了!
CFA考點一:Breakeven Point
The demand schedule in a perfectly competitive market is given by P=93-1.5Q (for Q≤62)and the long-run cost structure of each company is:
Total cost: 256+2Q+4Q2
Average cost: 256/Q+2+4Q
Marginal cost: 2+8Q
New companies will enter the market at any price greater than:
A 8 B 66 C 81
答案:B is correct. The long-run competitive equilibrium occurs where MC=AC=P for each company. Equating MC and AC implies 2+8Q=256/Q+2+4Q.
Solving for Q gives Q=8. Equating MC with price gives P=2+8Q=66. Any price above 66 yields an economic profit because P=MC>AC, so new companies will enter the market.
CFA考試解題思路:這題主要考察以下兩個考點,第一個是是盈虧平衡點(breakeven point)。在完全競爭市場上,P=ATC是廠商的盈虧平衡點。而在P>ATC時,利潤會吸引新廠商進入。第二個考點:單個廠商在完全競爭市場上均衡條件下有P =MR =MC=AC;根據(jù)此公式,本題聯(lián)立MC=AC 即可求出答案。
易錯點分析:很多同學(xué)都有這樣的疑問:為什么不可以聯(lián)立P=MC或者P=AC直接來求解。那是因為我們算盈虧平衡點時,需要用到單個廠商的需求曲線,而非整個市場的需求曲線。但是題目中給的需求曲線公式卻是整個市場的,因此不可選用。所以本題中均衡條件下的完全競爭市場滿足P=AC,所以可直接用MC=AC來計算此題。本題需要注意區(qū)分單個廠商和整個市場的需求曲線。
CFA考點二:Economies of Scale
A firm that increases its quantity produced without any change in per-unit cost is experiencing:
A economies of scale
B diseconomies of scale
C constant returns to scale
答案:C is correct. Output increases in the same proportion as input increases occur at constant returns to scale.
解題思路:題目中說到產(chǎn)量增加,“單位成本”不變,那么它就是指規(guī)模報酬不變。換言之,成本和產(chǎn)量等比例地增加。
易錯點分析:很多同學(xué)都選了A。A選項錯在規(guī)模經(jīng)濟下,單位成本是下降的。 如果A選項說“總成本”不變??偖a(chǎn)出增加,單位成本不變是指規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(如下圖所示)。所以在做類似題目的時候,大家需要看清題目究竟問的是“單位成本”還是總成本。
CFA考點三:Profit Maximum
A profit maximum is least likely to occur when:
A average total cost is minimized
B marginal revenue equals marginal cost
C the difference between total revenue and total cost is maximized
答案:A is correct. The quantity at which average total cost is minimized does not necessarily correspond to a profit maximum.
解題思路:Profit=TR-TC; ①當(dāng)兩者之差達到*值時,說明此時的profit為*值;②求導(dǎo)方法,TR'-TC'=0時,此時profit達到*值,即MR=MC
易錯點分析:
這道題不少同學(xué)都沒有看清least likely,選擇錯誤。選擇A是因為判斷profit大小時,不能單由cost判斷,還要考慮revenue和產(chǎn)量。Cost*的時候,Revenue和產(chǎn)量可能同時比較小,如此總的Revenue就很低,那么利潤也很低。