FRM考試中,是有大量的計算題需要計算的,因此FRM公式在考試中是很重要的。另外,考生需要記憶的公式也是很多的,在FRM考試當(dāng)天,協(xié)會給考生提供FRM公式嗎?

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Leverage Effect

Return on equity (ROE) is higher as leverage increases, as long as the firm’s return on assets

(ROA) exceeds the cost of borrowing funds. The leverage effect can be expressed as:

ROE = (leverage ratio × ROA) – [(leverage ratio– 1) × cost of debt]

Transaction Cost 》》》點我咨詢21年FRM備考技巧

The 99% confidence interval on transaction cost is:

+/– P × ?(s + 2.33σ S )

where:

P = estimate of the next day asset midprice

s = bid-ask spread

?(s + 2.33σ S ) = 99% spread risk factor

Early Warning Indicators (EWIs)

EWIs are changes in key metrics that could signal a pending liquidity problem. They should contain both internal and external measures, be leading indicators and granular, provide warning of any potential worsening of a bank’s financial position, identify whether the bank has sufficient liquid resources to handle a stress scenario, and consider different time horizons.

Net Liquidity Position

supplies of liquidity – demands for liquidity

where:【資料下載】點擊下載融躍教育金融專業(yè)英語詞匯大全.pdf

supplies of liquidity = incoming deposits (inflows) + customer loan repayments + asset

sales + revenue from nondeposit services + money market borrowings

demands for liquidity = deposit withdrawals (outflows) + borrowing repayments + dividend payments + loan requests + other operating expenses

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