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2021FRM備考資料大禮包

Default risk:The non-payment of interest and/or principal on a loan by the borrower to the lender.

The period of default past the due date could be at least 30 or 60 days.

Bankruptcy risk:Take possession of any collateral provided by the defaulting counterparty.

The risk is that the liquidation value of the collateral is insufficient to recover the full loss on default

Downgrade risk:Decreased creditworthiness

A creditor may subsequently charge the downgraded entity a higher lending rate to compensate for the increased risk.

Settlement risk :Settlement risk could be illustrated using a derivatives transaction between two counterparties.

The position that is losing may simply refuse to pay and fulfill its obligations.

Operational Risk:

Operational risk is defined as: The risk of direct and indirect loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, and systems or from external events.

點(diǎn)擊了解詳情

翻譯如下:

違約風(fēng)險:借款人未向貸款人支付貸款的利息和/或本金。

超過到期日的違約期可能至少為30或60天。

破產(chǎn)風(fēng)險:接管違約對手提供的任何抵押品。

風(fēng)險在于抵押品的清算價值不足以收回違約時的全部損失

降級風(fēng)險:信用度下降

債權(quán)人隨后可以向被降級的實體收取更高的貸款利率,以補(bǔ)償增加的風(fēng)險。

結(jié)算風(fēng)險:結(jié)算風(fēng)險可以用兩個交易對手之間的衍生品交易來說明。

失去的職位可能只是拒絕支付和履行其義務(wù)。

操作風(fēng)險的定義是:由于內(nèi)部流程、人員和系統(tǒng)不足或失敗或外部事件導(dǎo)致的直接和間接損失的風(fēng)險。